"The process of exporting goods mainly includes: quotation, order, payment method, preparation, packaging, customs clearance procedures, shipment, transport insurance, bill of lading, and foreign exchange settlement."?
1 quote in the process of international trade, the first step is the product inquiry, quotation. Among them, the offer for export products mainly include: the quality level of the product, product specifications, whether the product has special packaging requirements, the amount of purchased products, the amount of delivery requirements, the mode of transport, product materials and other content. More commonly used offer: FOB ship delivery, CNF cost plus freight, CIF cost, insurance and freight and other forms.
2 ordering trade parties to reach an agreement on the offer, the buyer formally order and some related matters with the seller to negotiate the enterprise, the two sides agreed to sign the "contract of purchase". In the process of signing the Purchase Contract, mainly on the name of the goods, specifications, quantity, price, packaging, origin, shipment period, payment terms, settlement, claims, arbitration and other content of the negotiations, and will be negotiated after the agreement written into the Purchase Contract. This marks the official start of the export business. Usually, the signing of the purchase contract in duplicate by the two sides to stamp the official seal of the company to take effect, both sides to keep a copy.
3 Payment Methods There are three international payment methods more commonly used, namely, L/C payment method, TT payment method and direct payment method.
(1) The letter of credit payment method is divided into two categories, namely, bare-bones letter of credit and documentary letter of credit. Documentary letter of credit refers to the letter of credit with specified documents, without any documents attached to the letter of credit is called a bare letter of credit. Simply put, a letter of credit is a security document that guarantees the exporter's recovery of payment for the goods. Please note that the period of shipment of exported goods should be carried out within the validity period of the letter of credit, and the period of delivery of the letter of credit must be submitted no later than the validity date of the letter of credit. International trade in the majority of letters of credit as a payment method, the letter of credit should be clear, clear and complete opening date.
(2) TT payment method TT payment method is to settle the payment by foreign exchange cash, your customer will remit the payment to the foreign exchange bank account specified by your company, you can request the remittance within a certain period of time after the arrival of the goods.
(3) Direct payment method means direct delivery payment between buyer and seller.
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4 stock preparation stock preparation in the whole trade process, plays a pivotal and important position, must be implemented in accordance with the contract one by one. The main checks of stock preparation are as follows: 1. quality and specification of goods should be verified according to the requirements of the contract. 2. quantity of goods: to ensure that the contract or letter of credit on the number of requirements. 3. time of stock preparation: according to the provisions of the letter of credit, combined with the shipment schedule, in order to facilitate the convergence of the shipment.
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5 Packaging can be based on the different goods to choose the form of packaging (eg: cartons, wooden boxes, woven bags, etc.). Different forms of packaging its packaging requirements are different. 1. general export packaging standards: according to the general standards of trade export packaging. 2. special export packaging standards: according to the customer's special requirements for the export of goods packaging. 3. packaging and marking of the goods (transport marking): it should be carefully checked and verified, so that it is in line with the provisions of the letter of credit.
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6 Customs clearance procedures
Customs clearance procedures are extremely cumbersome and extremely important, if you can not successfully clear customs can not complete the transaction.
(1). Statutory inspection of export commodities are required to do export commodity inspection certificate. At present, China's import and export commodity inspection work there are four main links:
Acceptance of inspection: inspection refers to foreign trade relations with the commodity inspection agency to report for inspection.
Sampling: Commodity Inspection Agency to accept the inspection, and promptly send staff to the location of the storage of goods for on-site inspection, identification.
Inspection: the commodity inspection agency to accept the inspection, carefully study the declaration of the test items, to determine the content of the test. And carefully review the contract (letter of credit) on the quality, specifications, packaging regulations, to find out the basis of the test, to determine the test standards, methods. (Inspection methods include sampling, instrumental analysis; physical testing; sensory testing; microbiological testing, etc.)
Issuance of certificates: in the export, where included in the export of goods within the 〖Type Table〗, the commodity inspection agency after passing the test, the issuance of release orders (or in the export of goods on the customs declaration stamped release, in lieu of release orders).
(2). Must be a professional holding a customs declaration certificate personnel, holding a packing list, invoices, customs declaration power of attorney, export settlement and cancellation of bills of exchange, copies of contracts for export goods, export commodity inspection certificates and other texts to go to the Customs for customs clearance procedures.
Packing list: the packing details of export products provided by the exporter.
Invoice: proof of export products provided by the exporter.
Power of Attorney for Customs Declaration (electronic): the unit or individual without the ability to declare customs entrusted to the customs broker to declare the certificate.
Export cancellation slip: applied by the export unit to the foreign exchange bureau, refers to the export capacity of the unit to obtain an export tax rebate a document.
Commodity inspection certificate: after the entry-exit inspection and quarantine department or its designated inspection agency inspection and qualified and obtained, is a variety of import and export commodity inspection certificate, identification certificate and other certificates. Foreign trade parties to perform contractual obligations, dealing with claims, disputes, negotiations and arbitration, litigation evidence, with a legal basis for effective documents, but also customs clearance, collection of customs duties and preferential tariff reductions and exemptions of the necessary proof.
7Shipment During the process of shipment, you can decide the shipment method according to the amount of goods and insure the goods according to the types of insurance stipulated in the Contract of Purchase. The options are: ? ?
(1), full container??? Types of containers (also known as cargo containers): ?
① According to the specifications of the size points: At present, the international commonly used dry containers (DRYCONTAINER) are:? Outer dimensions of 20 feet X 8 feet X 8 feet 6 inches, referred to as 20-foot container;? 40 feet X 8 feet X 8 feet 6 inches, referred to as 40-foot container; and in recent years, more often used 40 feet X 8 feet X 9 feet 6 inches, referred to as 40-foot container. 20-foot container: the internal volume is 5.69m X 2.13m X 2.18m, the gross weight of the cargo is generally 17.5 tonnes, the volume is 24-26 cubic metres. 40-foot container: the internal volume is 11.8m X 2.13m X 2.18m, the gross weight of the cargo is 22 tonnes, and the volume is 54 cubic metres. 40-foot tall container: internal volume is 11.8m X 2.13m X 2.72m. Gross weight is 22 tonnes and volume is 68 cubic metres.? 45-foot high-bay container: the internal volume is 13.58m X 2.34m X 2.71m, the gross weight of the cargo is generally 29 tonnes, and the volume is 86 cubic metres. 20-foot open top container: internal volume is 5.89m X 2.32m X 2.31m, gross weight is 20 tonnes, volume is 31.5 cubic metre. 40-foot open top container: internal volume is 12.01m X2.33m X2.15m, gross weight is 30.4 tonnes, volume is 65 cubic metre. 20-foot flat-bottomed container: internal volume of 5.85m X 2.23m X 2.15m, gross weight of 23 tonnes, volume of 28 cubic metres. 40-foot flat-bottomed container: volume 12.05 m X2.12 m X1.96 m, with a gross weight of 36 tonnes, the volume of 50 cubic metres.
② according to the box material: aluminium alloy containers, steel containers, fiberboard containers, glass fiber reinforced plastic containers.
③ according to the use of points: there are dry containers; refrigerated containers (REEFER CONTAINER); hanging containers (DRESS HANGER CONTAINER); open top containers (OPENTOP CONTAINER); frame containers (FLAT RACK CONTAINER); tank containers (TANK CONTAINER). CONTAINER).
(2) assembled container?
Consolidated containers, generally according to the volume of export cargo weight calculation of freight.? ?
8 transport insurance usually both sides in the signing of the "Contract for Purchase of Goods" has been agreed in advance transport insurance related matters. Common insurance has marine cargo transport insurance, land and air mail cargo transport insurance and so on. Among them, the marine transport cargo insurance terms and conditions of insurance, is divided into two categories of basic insurance and additional insurance:?
(1) There are three kinds of basic insurance, namely, Free from Paricular Average-F.P.A, Water Damage Insurance-W.A or W.P.A, and All Risk-A.R. The scope of liability of the basic insurance is as follows The scope of liability of P&I insurance includes: total loss of goods due to natural disasters at sea; total loss of goods during loading, unloading and transshipment; sacrifice, contribution and salvage costs due to common sea loss; total and partial loss of goods due to reefing, grounding, sinking, collision, flooding and explosion of transport vessels. Water damage insurance is one of the basic insurance of marine transport insurance. According to the insurance terms and conditions of People's Insurance Company of China, its scope of responsibility not only covers the risks listed in P&I insurance, but also covers the risks of natural disasters such as bad weather, lightning, tsunami and flood. The scope of liability of the underwriting of all risks is equivalent to the sum of water damage insurance and general additional insurance.?
(2) Additional Insured. There are two types of additional insurances: general additional insurances and special additional insurances. General additional insurances are theft of goods without insurance, fresh water rain insurance, theft of short amount of insurance, leakage insurance, broken broken insurance, hook loss insurance, mixed staining insurance, packaging rupture insurance, mildew insurance, moisture and heat insurance, string of smell insurance and so on. Special additional insurances are war insurance, strike insurance, etc.?
9 bill of lading is the exporter for the export clearance procedures, customs clearance, signed by the shipping company for the importer to pick up the goods, the bill of lading used for foreign exchange settlement.? Signed bill of lading according to the letter of credit issued by the number of copies required, generally three. Exporters keep two copies, for tax rebates and other business, one sent to the importer for pickup and other procedures ? When shipping goods by sea, the importer must pick up the goods with the original bill of lading, packing list and invoice. (The original bill of lading, packing list and invoice must be sent to the importer by the exporter.) ? In case of air freight, the goods can be collected directly with the facsimile copy of the bill of lading, packing list and invoice.?
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10 Settlement of Foreign Exchange
After the export goods are loaded out, the import and export company should correctly prepare the documents (packing list, invoice, bill of lading, certificate of export origin, export settlement) in accordance with the provisions of the letter of credit. Within the validity period of the letter of credit, the documents should be submitted to the bank for negotiation and settlement of foreign exchange.
In addition to the use of the letter of credit settlement, other payment remittance methods are generally telegraphic transfer (TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER (T/T)), ticket transfer (DEMAND DRAFT (D/D)), letter transfer (MAIL TRANDFER (M/T)), etc., as a result of the high-speed development of electronic remittances are now mainly used in the form of telegraphic transfer. (In China, enterprises exporting enjoy preferential policies on export tax rebate)"
